基于AQS实现的ReentrantLock
这里的源码用的Java8版本
lock方法
当ReentrantLock类的实例对象尝试获取锁的时候,调用lock方法,
会进入sync的lock方法,其中Sync是ReentrantLock的一个内部类,ReentrantLock构造方法会默认使用非公平锁NonfairSync,这个类是继承于Sync的
/* by 01022.hk - online tools website : 01022.hk/zh/post.html */ final void lock() { if (!initialTryLock()) acquire(1); } // 其中Sync的initialTryLock是抽象方法,需要看非公平锁实现方法[!TIP]
在这里是第一次尝试获取锁
由于ReentrantLock是个可重入锁,判断里有重入的判断
/* by 01022.hk - online tools website : 01022.hk/zh/post.html */ final boolean initialTryLock() { Thread current = Thread.currentThread(); // 获取当前线程的对象 if (compareAndSetState(0, 1)) { // first attempt is unguarded // 用CAS比较state状态是否为0(无人持有锁),如果是,就转为1(获取到锁) setExclusiveOwnerThread(current); // 将当前进程设置为拥有锁的线程 return true; } else if (getExclusiveOwnerThread() == current) { // 当前线程为拥有锁的线程(重复获取),重入 int c = getState() + 1; if (c < 0) // overflow // 负数,state是个int类型数据,超出可能导致溢出变为负数 throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded"); setState(c); // 设置新的state return true; } else // 已有线程占锁,返回为false return false; }然后开始调用acquire方法,传入1
public final void acquire(int arg) { if (!tryAcquire(arg) && acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg)) selfInterrupt(); }调用tryAcquire()方法,其中tryAcquire()方法是一个只有抛出异常的方法,需要重写,我们看非公平锁的写法
[!TIP]
这是第二次获取锁
protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) { if (getState() == 0 && !hasQueuedPredecessors() && compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) { setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread()); return true; } return false; }这里,如果state是0,即没有线程占用锁的情况下getState() == 0这个为真!hasQueuedPredecessors()执行这个方法,这个方法会检查是否已经出现了等待队列
public final boolean hasQueuedPredecessors() { Thread first = null; Node h, s; if ((h = head) != null && ((s = h.next) == null || (first = s.waiter) == null || s.prev == null)) first = getFirstQueuedThread(); // retry via getFirstQueuedThread return first != null && first != Thread.currentThread(); }当未出现 同步队列/阻塞队列 ,或者当前线程是队列的第一个时,执行compareAndSetState(0, acquires),第二次尝试获取锁,如果成功,返回真
否则返回假,执行acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
private Node addWaiter(Node mode) { Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), mode); // Try the fast path of enq; backup to full enq on failure Node pred = tail; if (pred != null) { node.prev = pred; if (compareAndSetTail(pred, node)) { // 尝试加入队尾 pred.next = node; return node; } } enq(node); return node; }Node是双向队列:阻塞队列一个节点,是为了保证原子化所以包装起来的
如果tail尾指针指向的节点不为空,则设置新生成的为尾指针指向的
否则(阻塞队列为空),调用enq函数
private Node enq(final Node node) { for (;;) { Node t = tail; if (t == null) { // Must initialize if (compareAndSetHead(new Node())) // 使用CAS,防止多线程同时创建头节点,所以本质上还是需要抢入队顺序 tail = head; // 初始化头节点,并将尾指针指向头节点 } else { node.prev = t; if (compareAndSetTail(t, node)) { // 判断t是否为尾节点,如果有线程更快的改掉尾节点,那么修改失败, // 重新进入for循环 t.next = node; return t; // 修改成功 } } } }[!TIP]
这是第三次尝试获取锁
final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) { boolean failed = true; try { boolean interrupted = false; for (;;) { final Node p = node.predecessor(); // 获取node的前一个节点,如果前一个节点是头节点(当前节点是第一个) // 执行tryAcquire(arg),执行第三次尝试获取锁 if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) { // 获取锁成功,出队 setHead(node);// 将node设为头节点 p.next = null; // help GC failed = false; return interrupted; } if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) && parkAndCheckInterrupt()) interrupted = true; } } finally { if (failed) cancelAcquire(node); } }如果第三次尝试获取锁失败了,会调用shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire()方法,将node的前一个节点传入(node一直都是加入的节点)
private static boolean shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(Node pred, Node node) { int ws = pred.waitStatus; if (ws == Node.SIGNAL) // 确认前面的节点处于SIGNAL状态,即确认前面的节点会叫醒自己 /* * This node has already set status asking a release * to signal it, so it can safely park. */ return true; if (ws > 0) { /* * Predecessor was cancelled. Skip over predecessors and * indicate retry. */ do { node.prev = pred = pred.prev; } while (pred.waitStatus > 0); // Node里面仅有一个大于零的状态,即1取消状态,也就是说当前任务被取消了 // 持续循环值找到不再取消的节点 pred.next = node; } else { // 将前一个节点用CAS转为Node.SIGNAL状态-1,返回为false /* * waitStatus must be 0 or PROPAGATE. Indicate that we * need a signal, but don't park yet. Caller will need to * retry to make sure it cannot acquire before parking. */ compareAndSetWaitStatus(pred, ws, Node.SIGNAL); } return false; }这里插一嘴,Node节点有一些状态,来体现其的任务状态,如前面传入的就是独占队列,
addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE)static final class Node { /** Marker to indicate a node is waiting in shared mode */ static final Node SHARED = new Node(); // 共享队列 /** Marker to indicate a node is waiting in exclusive mode */ static final Node EXCLUSIVE = null; // 独占队列 /** waitStatus value to indicate thread has cancelled */// 取消 static final int CANCELLED = 1; // 已被取消 /** waitStatus value to indicate successor's thread needs unparking */ static final int SIGNAL = -1; // 表示next节点已经park,需要被唤醒 /** waitStatus value to indicate thread is waiting on condition */ static final int CONDITION = -2; /** * waitStatus value to indicate the next acquireShared should * unconditionally propagate */ // 共享状态 static final int PROPAGATE = -3;
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) && parkAndCheckInterrupt()) interrupted = true;如果前一个节点的waitState是0,会被CAS转为-1,然后返回false,进而不会执行parkAndCheckInterrupt(),继续for的无限循环,这里有可能出现第四次尝试
如果前一个节点的waitState是-1,该函数返回一个true,也就可以继续执行parkAndCheckInterrupt()
private final boolean parkAndCheckInterrupt() { LockSupport.park(this); return Thread.interrupted(); }当前线程进入park状态
至此我们完成了这个的lock过程
unlock方法
unlock()也是公平锁以及非公平锁都有的方法,同样继承了Sync
public void unlock() { sync.release(1); }Sync的release方法
public final boolean release(int arg) { if (tryRelease(arg)) { Node h = head; if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0) unparkSuccessor(h); return true; } return false; }首先尝试tryRelease方法
protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) { int c = getState() - releases; if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread()) throw new IllegalMonitorStateException(); boolean free = false; if (c == 0) { free = true; setExclusiveOwnerThread(null); } setState(c); return free; }如果成功醒过来,该线程依然处于一种park的位置上,即parkAndCheckInterrupt这个方法上,这个方法返回是否被中断ReentrantLock这个锁仅获取中断信息,而不会做出任何操作
final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) { boolean failed = true; try { boolean interrupted = false; for (;;) { final Node p = node.predecessor(); if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) { setHead(node); p.next = null; // help GC failed = false; return interrupted; } if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) && parkAndCheckInterrupt()) interrupted = true; } } finally { if (failed) cancelAcquire(node); } }苏醒过来之后,继续for循环,尝试获取锁,失败之后会接着park,成功就会获取锁,并返回中断状态,在acquire中决定自我中断
final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) { final Thread current = Thread.currentThread(); int c = getState(); if (c == 0) { if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) { setExclusiveOwnerThread(current); return true; } } else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) { int nextc = c + acquires; if (nextc < 0) // overflow throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded"); setState(nextc); return true; } return false; }并将setExclusiveOwnerThread传入当前线程,返回为真,因此在TryRelease方法里的Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread()一定为假,不会抛出异常,并设置free为false,当c也就是资源的state如果是0
if (c == 0) { free = true; setExclusiveOwnerThread(null); } setState(c); return free;c如果是0,即没有线程占用资源,setExclusiveOwnerThread将锁的线程设置为空,如果不为0,也就是重入锁仅仅解锁一次,c依然存在多个,设置c为新的state值,然会free值(资源锁的使用情况)
public final boolean release(int arg) { if (tryRelease(arg)) { Node h = head; if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0) unparkSuccessor(h); return true; } return false; }private void unparkSuccessor(Node node) { /* * If status is negative (i.e., possibly needing signal) try * to clear in anticipation of signalling. It is OK if this * fails or if status is changed by waiting thread. */ int ws = node.waitStatus; if (ws < 0) compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, ws, 0); /* * Thread to unpark is held in successor, which is normally * just the next node. But if cancelled or apparently null, * traverse backwards from tail to find the actual * non-cancelled successor. */ Node s = node.next;、 // 如果下一个节点的状态为取消或者为空,从后向前找最后一个满足条件的,赋值为s if (s == null || s.waitStatus > 0) { s = null; for (Node t = tail; t != null && t != node; t = t.prev) if (t.waitStatus <= 0) s = t; } // s不为空的话作为下一个被唤醒的节点,尝试唤醒 if (s != null) LockSupport.unpark(s.thread); }此时,当前节点为头节点,调用unparkSuccessor()方法,获取头节点的下一个节点